Prior to the Juvenile Delinquents Act in 1908, young offenders were treated much like adults – they were held with adults while awaiting trial and received the same sentences as adults. Under the act a youth was treated "not as a criminal, but as a misdirected and misguided child." On April 1, 2003, the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) officially replaced the Young Offenders Act. It aims to emphasize the rehabilitation and re-entry of a young offender into society. The new act addresses the criticism that Canada's youth justice system lacked a clear philosophy, laying out a Declaration of Principles. Ex .An end to transfers to adult court. If the offender is found guilty in a youth court, the judge has the authority to impose an adult sentence. In June 2006, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled "since no basis can be found in the Youth Criminal Justice Act for imposing a harsher sanction than would otherwise be called for to deter others from committing crimes, general deterrence is not a principle of youth sentence under the new regime." this relates to law 12 because it talks about the criminal code, and how they can change it for the better.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/crime/ycja.html
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